Thought experiments Gravity/Dark Matter (updated)

I do not think that the following theories are necessarily true. However they are different and may be worthy of further exploration by some one, unlike myself, who actually knows what they are doing.

Part I- Gravity

Theory 1a

Maybe mass interferes with the expansion of the universe in a way that leaves a distortion in space-time. We would recognize this as gravity. Picture a balloon being blown up with a pencil next to it. The balloon will expand on either side of the pencil leaving a depression or deformity. This could be similar to the space-time deformity that is associated with gravity. When the pencil is removed the balloon moves back into shape. So than does gravity disappear when the mass is gone.

The universe is constantly expanding and in fact the expansion is accelerating. The expansion is thought to be caused by dark energy, which may be interfered with by matter. Actually a truer picture might be that of temporarily less flexible areas on the balloon, or universe, which still expand somewhat but not as quickly as other unaffected areas. Or, more clearly stated, Gravity may be a redirection of the expansion of the universe.

Theory 1b

Gravity could be the effect of the accelerating expansion of matter within the accelerating expansion of the universe. Gravity is indistinguishable from acceleration. Much has been written about the expanding universe and the fact that the speed of expansion continues to increase. This is not only the case with near vacuum, but with matter as well.

It is possible that the expansion rate is not uniform as to matter vs. vacuum and that our perception is thrown off by the fact that out measuring tools are themselves expanding

Theory 2:

One possibility is that gravity could be caused by higher dimension acceleration Gravity is indistinguishable from the G-force caused by acceleration. For all gravity to be caused by acceleration all particles of mater would need to be accelerating apart at a significant rate. This is something that we do not observe in the 3 dimensions of space and 1 dimensions of time of which we are aware. Perhaps however, this all-directional acceleration is occurring in higher order dimensions. The G-force effect of these acceleration could be bleeding over to our dimensions.

Matter would still seem intact in our dimensions if this were occurring. Picture a 2 dimensional space that has no height, only length and width. Matter in this domain could be flying apart in height without it being noticeable to the observable length and width. Likewise a higher dimension flying apart of all matter would not be observable us.

Theory 3:

Perhaps there is a realm in which the big bang has no effect. There the universe appears as a singularity. All is connected through this realm. This connection pulls upon all matter drawing it together. Gravity may be just one aspect of the unity underlying the entire universe

Theory 4:

If the universe is closed we will have not only a big bang but also a big crunch. The big crunch would occur when/if gravity halts the expansion of the universe and gives way to a collapse. The inhabitants of the big crunch would not see their universe as collapsing. This would be due to the arrow of time being opposite big bang to big crunch. Therefore it is impossible for us to know whether we inhabit the big bang or the big crunch and it would not make any difference.

There is a connection between these counter-balancing universes that allows a bleed over of the opposite arrow of time, which manifests itself as gravity. Gravity is negative time Perhaps there is not a complete bang or crunch but rather an oscillation or series of oscillations between the two. This is an oscillation in the arrow of time. In fact perhaps we live in a cloud of quantum probabilities of bang to crunch and an indeterminate arrow of time.

Part II -Possible alternatives to Dark Matter

Dark Matter 1

Maybe what’s thought of as dark matter is actually just a mass-less distortion of space-time, rather than being any form of matter. Einstein described gravity as a distortion of space-time. The common analogy is that if you hold a sheet on which you place a bowling ball, a tennis ball thrown onto the sheet would go towards the depression made by the bowling ball. Galaxies do not appear to contain enough matter to account for their motion. That is, galaxies move as if there was a lot more matter pulling them around. This has led scientists to postulate the existence of dark matter to account for what is called the missing mass. However to me this appears too much like fudging just to balance the books.

I wonder if there is another solution to this missing mass dilemma that does not require he existence of dark matter. As gravity is actually distorted space-time, the question does not have to be “where is the missing mass” but can instead be “ is there anything other than mass that can distort space time in a way that exerts a gravitonic reaction”. One possibility is that that space-time came out of the big bang already distorted, perhaps from the stress of creation. If his were so than the available mass would be drawn into pre-distorted areas. However the volume of this mass may not be sufficient to completely populate theses areas. Thus we would see the apparent gravitonic effect of more mass than actually exists.

I also wonder whether space-time can distort spontaneously. It is believed that matter and anti-matter are constantly popping in and out of existence in a vacuum. If enough of this happened to occur in the same area around the same time, than perhaps a mass-less distortion could be left in its wake Perhaps the books can be balanced without dark matter. It’s at least worth considering, as extraordinary proof of dark matter has not been forth coming. Nor however, is there extraordinary proof of mass-less distortions of space-time.

Dark Matter 2

The strength of gravity could change beyond a certain threshold of galactic magnitude. Gravity is thought to be a distortion of space-time. The common analogy is that if you hold a sheet on which you place a bowling ball, a tennis ball thrown onto the sheet would go towards the depression made by the bowling ball.

Suppose however there were a second sheet that is lot more rigid and would not be altered at all by a bowling ball, but would be affected by an elephant. This analogy would suggest a 2nd tier of space-time that enfolds normal space-time, providing an additional deformation with an increased cumulative effect only when the threshold is exceeded.

The total attractive force would then be more than the sum of its parts and enough to account for the observed attraction.

Dark Matter 3

Could there be a relationship between the missing anti-matter and missing mass? When the universe was created there should have been an equal amount of matter and anti matter leading to mutual annihilation. However this anti matter is not apparent.

What we do have is a shortage of mass to account for motion of the galaxies leading to the hypothesis of dark matter and related dark energy. The dark energy is thought to be causing the expansion of the universe

What if the anti matter is present, but has somehow been kept separate enough to avoid annihilation, but not that separate to keep the gravity effect from exerting influence.

Could the antimatter be causing the repulsive force that we refer to as dark energy? If so how can the matter/antimatter annihilation not be occurring? Could the antimatter have slipped into another dimension or be separated by large distances beyond the observable portion of the universe?